to choose not to participate with insurance. After all, the only reason that doctors contract with insurance companies is to increase their business from insured patients - but the insurance companies limit their fees. If the doctor needs the business, the lower fees may be worth it.

But ER physicians and other specialists don't need to drum up business - they usually have more patients than they can handle.

Like many ER's in our city, this particular emergency room has no physicians at all on staff who participate with insurance companies.

This family thought they were covered because they made an effort to get their child to the right hospital, but they didn't know that the hospital and the physicians (and the people who read the x-rays, and the anesthesiologists, etc.) are separate businesses who may (or may not) have contracts with the insurance company.

In other words, they didn't know they were underinsured.

Let's see how this affected this family:

The total surgery bill for this child was over $9,000.00. If the sugeon had been participating, the family would have owed the surgeon less than $34.00. That is not a typo. His insurance plan paid 99% of the amount it would have paid a contracted surgeon. Most plans actually pay a much lower percentage - this family had an unusually good plan through their union.

A non-participating provider does not have to accept what the insurance pays, and this surgeon charged over $6,000.00 more than the insurance company considered a "usual and customary fee." So the family paid the difference.

If you get an unexpectedly high bill from a health care provider, be sure to call the insurance company to see if you can get it straightened out. It may have been a simple mistake. But if your bill came about because of a scenerio similar to the one described above, it won't matter how nice your insurance company's customer service specialist may be. There's nothing she can do for you.

The insurance company can't force an independent business to charge you the amount other providers accept for the same service.

But this family is actually lucky. If their family were not insured at all, the ER room and surgical fees would have left them owing over $20,000.00, almost three times what an insurance company would pay for the same services.

If you're insured in America, you're underinsured.

How can you tell if this could happen to you? Get out your benefit booklet and go to the emergency or urgent care section. If you see the words "non-participating providers paid x% of billed charges," you don't have a problem. If, however, you see the words "non-participating providers are paid x% of the amount we would pay a contracted provider," the scenario above could happen to you.

Then go to the benefit summary, which is probably near the front of your benefit booklet. If you have a plan that has different benefits for "preferred" and "non-preferred" providers, you'll need to use the lower benefit to see what portion of the bill your insurance company will pay.

Make sure you go to a participating emergency room if you can (emergencies don't always happen near a convenient participating hospital, of course), and then be prepared for higher fees from those physicans and technicians who don't participate with your plan.

To see why uninsured patients pay so much more for their health care, read the rest of the article at the web address shown below.

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The author is a former Customer Service Representative for one of America's largest Health Insurance companies. She answers some of your toughtest questions about your family health insurance plan on her new website at www.underinsuredamerica.com

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